India is set to launch the world’s largest census, with over three million officials participating in a nationwide population count expected to last about a year.

The exercise, described by the government as a “gigantic” national project, aims to support inclusive governance and evidence-based policymaking in a country with an estimated population of over 1.4 billion people.

The census will be conducted in two phases. The first phase, beginning Wednesday, will focus on housing conditions and access to basic amenities, combining door-to-door data collection with an online self-enumeration option available in multiple languages.

The second phase will gather detailed population data, including demographic, social, and economic information, as well as the sensitive issue of caste.

Caste remains a significant factor in Indian society, influencing access to resources, education, and opportunities. The last comprehensive caste data collection dates back to 1931, while a 2011 survey was never officially released due to data inconsistencies.

The upcoming census also presents a major logistical challenge, given the country’s size and population. Special arrangements have been made for high-altitude regions such as Jammu and Kashmir, where data collection will occur earlier due to weather conditions.

India has not conducted a census since 2011, after the planned 2021 exercise was postponed بسبب the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the United Nations, the country surpassed China in 2023 to become the world’s most populous nation.

The new data is expected to play a crucial role in addressing key challenges, including housing shortages, urban overcrowding, and access to essential services.